Tetrabutylammonium iodide(TBAI) yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov organic chemistry.Nws yog ntsev uas feem ntau siv los ua ib theem hloov catalyst.Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm TBAI ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no?
TBAI paub txog nws lub peev xwm los hloov ions ntawm theem immiscible.Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim ntawm cov tebchaw uas yuav tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.TBAI muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog halides, xws li iodides, vim tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau lawv cov solubility hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic thaum tswj lawv cov khoom ionic.
Ib qho kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm TBAI yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic tebchaw.Thaum TBAI ntxiv rau ob-theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm anions ntawm cov theem, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov uas yuav ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev siv cov catalyst.Piv txwv li, TBAI tau siv nyob rau hauv cov synthesis ntawm unsaturated nitriles los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ketones nrog sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalyst.
Lub tshuab ntawm TBAI-catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob ntawm kev hloov ntawm cov catalyst ntawm ob theem.Lub solubility ntawm TBAI nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov hauj lwm zoo raws li ib tug catalyst vim hais tias nws tso cai rau lub catalyst koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum tseem nyob rau hauv lub organic theem.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism tuaj yeem sau tau raws li hauv qab no:
1. Kev tawg ntawmTBAInyob rau hauv lub aqueous theem
2. Hloov TBAI mus rau theem organic
3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv TBAI nrog cov organic substrate los ua ib qho nruab nrab
4. Hloov ntawm qhov nruab nrab mus rau theem aqueous
5. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab nrog cov aqueous reactant los tsim cov khoom xav tau
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm TBAI ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog vim nws lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb los hloov ions hla ob theem, thaum tuav lawv cov cim ionic.Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm qhov siab lipophilicity ntawm pawg alkyl ntawm TBAI molecule uas muab cov ntaub thaiv npog hydrophobic nyob ib ncig ntawm cationic moiety.Cov yam ntxwv ntawm TBAI no muab kev ruaj ntseg rau cov ions pauv thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los mus ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Ntxiv rau cov ntawv thov kev sib txuas, TBAI kuj tau siv ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.Piv txwv li, nws tau siv rau hauv kev npaj ntawm amides, amidine, thiab urea derivatives.TBAI kuj tau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas koom nrog kev tsim cov pa roj carbon-carbon bonds lossis tshem tawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm xws li halogens.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, lub mechanism ntawmTBAI-catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm ions ntawm cov theem immiscible, uas yog qhib los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm TBAI molecule.Los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tebchaw uas yuav txwv tsis pub muaj zog, TBAI tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau cov kws tshuaj hluavtaws thoob plaws ntau thaj chaw.Nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab ntau yam ua rau nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov uas tab tom nrhiav nthuav lawv cov cuab yeej tshuaj.
Post lub sij hawm: May-10-2023